Present Perfect ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ? Present Perfect ‘?????’ ??? ????????? ????? ? ???? ???? ‘??? ?’ ????? ? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? (simple past) ????? ?????? ???????????? ??? Present Perfect ????????? ????? ?
???? ????????? ?????-

??? ???? ???? ? ?  My brother has gone to the market.
????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ???? ? ? Krishna Dharabasi has authored several novels.
?????? ??? ?????? ????? ? We have not seen a tiger.

?????????
Subject + has/have +verb 3+ object (????? ?, ???? ?)
Subject + has/have just +verb3+ object (?????? ????? ?, ?????? ???? ?)
Subject + has/have already +verb3+ object (??? ?????, ?? ?????)
Subject + has/have not +verb 3+ object (????? ???, ???? ???)
Subject + has/have not +verb 3+ object yet (??? ???? ????? ???, ??????? ???? ???)
Has/ Have+ Subject + verb 3+ object? (????? ?, ???? ? ?)
Has/ Have+ Subject + verb 3+ object yet? (??? ?????? ?? ??????
Wh + has/ have+ Subject + verb 3+ object?

???? ???? ‘??? ?’ ????? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ‘??’ ??????? ???????? ? ????? ???????? ‘??’ ??? ???? Simple past tense ?? ?????? ???? ????? ? Simple past tense ??? ?????????? past ??? ???? ??? present perfect tense ?????????? past ??? ?????? ?

?????? English
???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ? He has completed his homework.
???????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ? They have finished their project.
???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? I have written a letter to my friend.
???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? She has booked a flight for her vacation.
??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ? He has just returned from his business trip.
?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? We have just completed the project.
?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ? The team has just won the game.
?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ? They have just left.
??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?? The dog has already undone the chain.
???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ? She has already finished her homework.
???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ? He has already booked his flight.
???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ? They have not seen the movie yet.
???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? I have not received my package.
???? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? He has not finished his project.
??????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ? The kids have not brushed their teeth yet.
?????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? We have not made dinner yet.
???? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? I have not completed my work yet.
???????? ??? ?????? ???? Has the teacher graded the tests?
??????? ???????? ?????????? ? ? Have they arrived at the party?
????? ?????? ?????? ?? Has the train left the station?
????? ????????? Has the baby woken up yet?
??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? Have you received your package yet?
???? ?????????? Has the rain stopped yet?
???????? ?????? ???? ????? ? Who has cleaned the kitchen?
?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? What has the dog destroyed this time?
???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? Where has he hidden his keys?

More  sentences:

????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? The Nepalese have lagged far behind in terms of development.
?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ? ? India has broken the trust of Nepali people.
????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ? Bharat has just called me.
?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ? We have just bought a plot of land in Kathmandu.
??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ? Salman has just decided not to do any new movies this year.
????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ? Brother has just shaved himself.
???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ? I have already seen that movie.
???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ? They have already forgotten their past.
???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ? I have already worn my new clothes.
???????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ? They have already submitted their project
? ????? ?????? ???? ? I have not been to Pokhara.
???? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ? Many people have not gone out of Kathmandu.
?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ? We have not been able to live up to what we said.
???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ? He has not forgotten this unsuccessful past yet.
???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ? I have not seen him yet.
??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ? Despite the queasy circumstances, he has not reformed.
???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? It has not stopped raining yet.
?? ??????? ???? ??? ? The bus has not arrived yet.
???????? ????? ???? Have you eaten an ice-cream?
???? ????? ???? Have you ridden a horse?
?????? ???? ?????? ? Have you written the letter yet?
???? ?? ????? ??? ? Has uncle gone yet?
?????? ???? ?????? ? Have you bought a mobile phone yet?
???? ???? ????? ? Has the tea been ready yet?
?????? ??? ???? ??????? ? “??????? ?? ? ?? ???? ????? ???? ? ?“ Why have you carried the umbrella? “Trust me. It is going to rain today.”
?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ? Where has your husband hidden?
???? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ? How many times have you traveled by air?
?????? ????? ??? ? ‘???? ??? ??? ? ????? ?‘ Where is your key? “I don’t know. It has got lost.’
???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? (?? ????????? ??) He told me the name of his village but I have forgotten it.
?????? ???? ??? ??????? (?? ?????? ???) ? Have you seen my brother?
???? ???? ??? (?? ???? ?) ? Where has Jivan gone?
???! ???? ????? ???? ????? (?? ?????? ??) ? Ouch! I have cut my finger.
?????? ???????? ???? ? ? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ? There has been an accident on the way. No one can go there.
?????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? ? The employee from Supreme court has not handed the letter to Lok Man.

?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ? Have your worn your new clothe yet?

????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ?  How many times has Brazil won the world cup?
?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? Has your new neighbor seen you yet?
???? ????? ???? ????? ? Has he found a job yet?
?????? ???? ????????? (?? ???? ??) ? Have you forgotten me?
???? ???? ?? ? “??????? ? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?“ Would you like something to eat? “Thank you. But I have just eaten breakfast.”
????? ??????? ?? ? Have you just returned?
??????? ??? ???? ?????? ? “???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?“ Don’t forget to call your father. “I have already phoned him. He is coming tomorrow.
??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ? The government has not taken a concrete step to implement the constitution.
???? ??? ??? ???? ? “??? ??? ?? ????? ?“ What time does the bus come? “It has already come and gone.”
???? ????? ?????????? ? Has it stopped raining?
???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ? I have written some stories but I have not had any published.
???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ? They have helped us in hard times.
???????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ? Finally, I have been able to solve this problem.

‘Gone’ or ‘Been’
‘Go’ ?? ?????? Present Perfect tense ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??? ? ???? ????????? “???? ???????? ???? ??? ?” ?? “???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?“ ????? ? ?? ????????????? ?????? ????? verb 3 ?? ????? gone ?????? ???? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? Present Perfect tense ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ? “???? ???????? ???? ??? ?” ???? ?????? ?? “???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?“ ????? ‘????’ ? ‘????’ ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ????????, ??? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ???????? ‘gone’ ?? ??????? ‘been’ ?? ?????? ?????? ?
“???? ???????? ???? ??? ?” (?? ???? ??? ??? ?) Have you been to Kathmandu?
“???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ? ?“ (?? ???? ??? ?????????) My father has been to India many times.

??
??? ???? ???? ? ? (??? ???? ???) My brother has gone to the market.
???? ???? ???? ???? ? ? (???? ???? ????????? ) My father has gone to India.

Sentence completion exercises:

  1. I _____________ (already study) for three hours.
  2. They _____________ (not arrive) yet.
  3. _____________ they _____________ (finish) their homework yet?
  4. He _____________ (not start) his homework yet.
  5. _____________ he _____________ (call) his parents yet?
  6. They _____________ (not leave) for their vacation yet.
  7. She _____________ (not go) to bed yet.
  8. _____________ they _____________ (arrive) yet?
  9. How many times _____________ (she/see) that movie?
  10. How long _____________ (he/work) here?
  11. _____________ she _____________ (make) breakfast yet?
  12. _____________ (you/have) lunch yet?
  13. _____________(you/be) to Pokhara?
  14. _____________ (your father/ride) a horse?
  15. They _____________(not understand) the issue yet.

Fill in the blanks with ‘gone’ or ‘been’

  1. Raj has ____ to the store to buy some groceries. We are short of food.
  2. I have ____ to Paris twice.
  3. He has ____ to the gym to work out.
  4. They have ____ on a road trip to explore the country. They will come back soon.
  5. She has ____ to Japan and loved the culture and food.
  6. He has ____ to several countries in Europe and visited famous landmarks.
  7. They have ____ to Mexico for vacation and enjoyed the beaches.
  8. She has ____ to visit her grandparents.
  9. They have ____ to the park to play sports. They are not at home.
  10. We have ____ to New York City multiple times and always find something new to do.

Translate the following sentences into English:

  1. ???? ??????? ???? ?????
  2. ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ???? ?
  3. ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ?
  4. ???? 10 ???????? ???? ????
  5. ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?
  6. ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???
  7. ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?
  8. ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?
  9. ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?
  10. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? (have a good time)
  11. ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?
  12. ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??, ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????
  13. ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?
  14. ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ????

Translate the following paragraph into English:

?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????:

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